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Energy Storage RTE Tutorial Course 1/3: What is Round Trip Efficiency (RTE)? Why is it Important? How Much Does it Cost?
In the first of this three-part webinar series, a definition of RTE will be presented along with simple system equations that are important to its understanding, determination and management. RTE for some popular battery systems i.e. Lead Acid, Lithium Ion, Vanadium Redox and Nickel Zinc will be computed as examples, and their variation with common variables such as rate, capacity variability & SOC swing will be discussed. The costs of Round Trip inefficiency can be significant, and are experienced by customers either in higher energy generating capital costs and/or higher operating expenses. The calculation of these higher costs will be reviewed, and there will be a discussion on the key industry variables that influence them. Different geographic and customer markets will be considered.
This webinar will focus on the following key topics:
• The Importance of RTE to battery selection decisions
• How does RTE impact CAPEX and/or OPEX for energy storage
• How is RTE defined and how can it be derived – comparison of different systems
• An introduction to ancillary equipment energy losses
Presenter
Dr. Halle Cheeseman – Founder/President at Energy Blues LLC
Dr. Halle Cheeseman earned a PhD in Electrochemistry & Corrosion from the University of Nottingham in UK, graduating in 1985. She has held several executive positions in the battery industry over the past 32 years, including Sr. VP of R&D at Spectrum Brands and VP of R&D at Exide Technologies. Her specific battery experience includes Lithium Ion, Zinc Air, Nickel Metal Hydride, Nickel Iron, Alkaline and Lead Acid, focusing on Consumer, Industrial, Automotive & Renewable Energy applications. In July 2017, Dr. Cheeseman founded Energy Blues LLC, an energy storage consulting cooperative comprising 20+ subject matter experts.
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Solid Electrolytes and Bulk Scale Solid-State Batteries
Recently, the push to move beyond Li – ion battery technology has grown. Several advanced battery technologies & chemistries have been identified as promising candidates including i) solid-state batteries with Li metal anode, ii) Li – S chemistries, iii) Li – air(oxygen), and iv) flow batteries. Although an engineered solution using liquids may be possible for some of these options, a solid electrolyte is an enabling technology for each of these beyond Li – ion alternatives. This webinar will introduce the operating principles of each of these cell technologies and solid electrolytes will be discussed in this context. The requirements of a solid electrolyte will be outlined & several state of the art solid electrolytes will be compared. Recent technical progress towards the fabrication of solid-state batteries will be reviewed. Finally, an overview of market applications for solid-state will be presented.
This webinar will focus on the following key topics:
• Overview of beyond Li – ion battery technologies enabled by solid electrolytes
• Comparison of state of the art solid electrolytes
• Recent technical progress towards solid-state batteries
• Review of market applications for solid-state batteries
Presenter
Travis Thompson – Post Doctorate Research Fellow at University of Michigan
Travis received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering in 2010 from California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, and his PhD in Materials Science at Michigan State University in 2014. His graduate work has focused on synthesis & processing of materials for direct thermal-to-electric energy conversion & storage. This includes ambient drying of silica aerogels, processing of oxide based thermoelectric materials, & electrochemical characterization of ceramic solid electrolytes for advanced batteries. He is now a Research Fellow at The University of Michigan and is exploring commercialization of Solid-State Batteries from his graduate work.
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Stability of Li7La3Zr2O12 Garnet Solid-State Electrolyte Against Metallic Lithium
Energy storage demands will require safer, cheaper and higher performance electrochemical energy storage. While the primary strategy for improving performance has focused on state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries, this work seeks to develop solid-state batteries employing metallic Li anode. Recently, the ceramic electrolyte, Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) cubic garnet, has shown promise owing to its unique combination of properties such as high Li-ion conductivity and electrochemical stability. Generally, LLZO is synthesized through powder processing and sintering at high temperature to produce dense membrane. Processing of the ceramic materials produces internal and surface flaws which will inhibit lithium transport creating localized current density and control the stability against Li dendrite propagation. This presentation will discuss new improvement in methodology to evaluate the integrity of LLZO membrane.
This webinar will focus on the following key topics:
• Methodology to evaluate the integrity of LLZO by identifying the microstructural flaws and their impact on mechanical properties
• DC cycling, EIS, XPS will be shown to determine the reactions that govern the maximum current density
• Correlate the electrochemical stability and critical current density with defects in polycrystalline solid state LLZO electrolyte
Presenter
Asma Sharafi – PhD Student with Jeff Sakamoto at University of Michigan
Asma received her MS in Chemistry (material science) in 2013 at University of Georgia. Currently, she is a PhD student in Mechanical Engineering at University of Michigan under Jeff Sakamoto’s supervision. The primary focus of her research is on the development of new solid state electrolyte (SSE) with the garnet structure (Li7La3Zr2O12) that offer unprecedented safety and durability.
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Avoid Battery Explosions and Fires – With Right Data and Better Designs
Modern Li Ion batteries contain hazardous chemicals and heat up during use – this combination always has the potential to cause fires and explosions. This presentation will focus on improving the understanding of how such incidents occur, what can be done to avoid them and how the risk can be minimized during early stage design.
The solution lies in knowledge of the heat generation rate during normal use, and information about safe boundaries such as temperature, discharge rate & overcharge in realistic situations that represent actual conditions of use. Data from commercial batteries of different types, including videos of batteries undergoing thermal runaway, will be used to illustrate these points.
A relatively new technique will also be discussed with data, which allows total heat output during discharge to be measured on-line and this can be used both for design and battery modelling. Examples of the data will be provided.
This webinar will focus on the following key topics:
• Why battery fires and explosions occur
• How to design safer batteries through understanding of heat generation
• Video evidence of batteries under explosive conditions
• How better thermal management systems can be designed – based on heat measurement from isothermal calorimetry
• Laboratory instruments suitable for testing and data generation
Presenter
Dr. Jasbir Singh – Managing Director at Hazard Evaluation Laboratory
Jasbir is a chemical engineer specializing in thermal hazards and calorimetry, traditionally for the chemical industry but now increasingly involved in battery safety, especially Li-ion EV and related types.
A graduate of Imperial College (London), where he undertook PhD into combustion and explosions, his experience includes many years in process design for the chemical and petrochemical industries. He is currently developing test methods and instruments for use in design of battery thermal management systems.
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